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This option, if set, will add arguments to CMake whenever a new build system is being generated. It doesn't affect other invocations of CMake, such as when cmake(1) is run in build tool mode to actually compile the application. See the documentation changes for details. Signed-off-by: Martí Bolívar <marti.bolivar@nordicsemi.no>
626 lines
22 KiB
ReStructuredText
626 lines
22 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _west-build-flash-debug:
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Building, Flashing and Debugging
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################################
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Zephyr provides several :ref:`west extension commands <west-extensions>` for
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building, flashing, and interacting with Zephyr programs running on a board:
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``build``, ``flash``, ``debug``, ``debugserver`` and ``attach``.
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These use information stored in the CMake cache [#cmakecache]_ to
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flash or attach a debugger to a board supported by Zephyr. The exception is
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starting a clean build (i.e. with no previous artifacts) which will in fact
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run CMake thus creating the corresponding cache.
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The CMake build system commands with the same names (i.e. all but ``build``)
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directly delegate to West.
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.. Add a per-page contents at the top of the page. This page is nested
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deeply enough that it doesn't have any subheadings in the main nav.
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.. only:: html
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.. contents::
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:local:
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.. _west-building:
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Building: ``west build``
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************************
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.. tip:: Run ``west build -h`` for a quick overview.
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The ``build`` command helps you build Zephyr applications from source. You can
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use :ref:`west config <west-config-cmd>` to configure its behavior.
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Its default behavior tries to "do what you mean":
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- If there is a Zephyr build directory named :file:`build` in your current
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working directory, it is incrementally re-compiled. The same is true if you
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run ``west build`` from a Zephyr build directory.
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- Otherwise, if you run ``west build`` from a Zephyr application's source
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directory and no build directory is found, a new one is created and the
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application is compiled in it.
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Basics
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======
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The easiest way to use ``west build`` is to go to an application's root
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directory (i.e. the folder containing the application's :file:`CMakeLists.txt`)
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and then run::
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west build -b <BOARD>
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Where ``<BOARD>`` is the name of the board you want to build for. This is
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exactly the same name you would supply to CMake if you were to invoke it with:
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``cmake -DBOARD=<BOARD>``.
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.. tip::
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You can use the :ref:`west boards <west-boards>` command to list all
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supported boards.
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A build directory named :file:`build` will be created, and the application will
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be compiled there after ``west build`` runs CMake to create a build system in
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that directory. If ``west build`` finds an existing build directory, the
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application is incrementally re-compiled there without re-running CMake. You
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can force CMake to run again with ``--cmake``.
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You don't need to use the ``--board`` option if you've already got an existing
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build directory; ``west build`` can figure out the board from the CMake cache.
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For new builds, the ``--board`` option, :envvar:`BOARD` environment variable,
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or ``build.board`` configuration option are checked (in that order).
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Examples
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========
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Here are some ``west build`` usage examples, grouped by area.
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Forcing CMake to Run Again
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--------------------------
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To force a CMake re-run, use the ``--cmake`` (or ``--c``) option::
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west build -c
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Setting a Default Board
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-----------------------
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To configure ``west build`` to build for the ``reel_board`` by default::
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west config build.board reel_board
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(You can use any other board supported by Zephyr here; it doesn't have to be
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``reel_board``.)
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.. _west-building-dirs:
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Setting Source and Build Directories
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------------------------------------
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To set the application source directory explicitly, give its path as a
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positional argument::
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west build -b <BOARD> path/to/source/directory
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To set the build directory explicitly, use ``--build-dir`` (or ``-d``)::
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west build -b <BOARD> --build-dir path/to/build/directory
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To change the default build directory from :file:`build`, use the
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``build.dir-fmt`` configuration option. This lets you name build
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directories using format strings, like this::
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west config build.dir-fmt "build/{board}/{app}"
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With the above, running ``west build -b reel_board samples/hello_world`` will
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use build directory :file:`build/reel_board/hello_world`. See
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:ref:`west-building-config` for more details on this option.
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Setting the Build System Target
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-------------------------------
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To specify the build system target to run, use ``--target`` (or ``-t``).
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For example, on host platforms with QEMU, you can use the ``run`` target to
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build and run the :ref:`hello_world` sample for the emulated :ref:`qemu_x86
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<qemu_x86>` board in one command::
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west build -b qemu_x86 -t run samples/hello_world
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As another example, to use ``-t`` to list all build system targets::
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west build -t help
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As a final example, to use ``-t`` to run the ``pristine`` target, which deletes
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all the files in the build directory::
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west build -t pristine
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.. _west-building-pristine:
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Pristine Builds
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---------------
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A *pristine* build directory is essentially a new build directory. All
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byproducts from previous builds have been removed.
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To have ``west build`` make the build directory pristine before re-running
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CMake to generate a build system, use the ``--pristine`` (or ``-p``)
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option. For example, to switch board and application (which requires a pristine
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build directory) in one command::
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west build -b qemu_x86 samples/philosophers
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west build -p -b reel_board samples/hello_world
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To let west decide for you if a pristine build is needed, use ``-p auto``::
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west build -p auto -b reel_board samples/hello_world
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.. tip::
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You can run ``west config build.pristine auto`` to make this setting
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permanent.
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.. _west-building-verbose:
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Verbose Builds
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--------------
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To print the CMake and compiler commands run by ``west build``, use the global
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west verbosity option, ``-v``::
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west -v build -b reel_board samples/hello_world
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.. _west-building-generator:
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.. _west-building-cmake-args:
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One-Time CMake Arguments
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------------------------
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To pass additional arguments to the CMake invocation performed by ``west
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build``, pass them after a ``--`` at the end of the command line.
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.. important::
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Passing additional CMake arguments like this forces ``west build`` to re-run
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CMake, even if a build system has already been generated.
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After using ``--`` once to generate the build directory, use ``west build -d
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<build-dir>`` on subsequent runs to do incremental builds.
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For example, to use the Unix Makefiles CMake generator instead of Ninja (which
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``west build`` uses by default), run::
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west build -b reel_board -- -G'Unix Makefiles'
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To use Unix Makefiles and set `CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE`_ to ``ON``::
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west build -b reel_board -- -G'Unix Makefiles' -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON
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Notice how the ``--`` only appears once, even though multiple CMake arguments
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are given. All command-line arguments to ``west build`` after a ``--`` are
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passed to CMake.
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To set :ref:`DTC_OVERLAY_FILE <application_dt>` to :file:`enable-modem.overlay`,
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using that file as a :ref:`devicetree overlay <device-tree>`::
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west build -b reel_board -- -DDTC_OVERLAY_FILE=enable-modem.overlay
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To merge the :file:`file.conf` Kconfig fragment into your build's
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:file:`.config`::
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west build -- -DOVERLAY_CONFIG=file.conf
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.. _west-building-cmake-config:
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Permanent CMake Arguments
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-------------------------
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The previous section describes how to add CMake arguments for a single ``west
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build`` command. If you want to save CMake arguments for ``west build`` to use
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every time it generates a new build system instead, you should use the
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``build.cmake-args`` configuration option. Whenever ``west build`` runs CMake
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to generate a build system, it splits this option's value according to shell
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rules and includes the results in the ``cmake`` command line.
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Remember that, by default, ``west build`` **tries to avoid generating a new
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build system if one is present** in your build directory. Therefore, you need
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to either delete any existing build directories or do a :ref:`pristine build
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<west-building-pristine>` after setting ``build.cmake-args`` to make sure it
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will take effect.
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For example, to always enable :makevar:`CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS`, you can
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run::
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west config build.cmake-args -- -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
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(The extra ``--`` is used to force the rest of the command to be treated as a
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positional argument. Without it, :ref:`west config <west-config-cmd>` would
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treat the ``-DVAR=VAL`` syntax as a use of its ``-D`` option.)
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To enable :makevar:`CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE`, so CMake always produces a verbose
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build system::
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west config build.cmake-args -- -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON
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To save more than one argument in ``build.cmake-args``, use a single string
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whose value can be split into distinct arguments (``west build`` uses the
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Python function `shlex.split()`_ internally to split the value).
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.. _shlex.split(): https://docs.python.org/3/library/shlex.html#shlex.split
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For example, to enable both :makevar:`CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS` and
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:makevar:`CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE`::
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west config build.cmake-args -- "-DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON"
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If you want to save your CMake arguments in a separate file instead, you can
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combine CMake's ``-C <initial-cache>`` option with ``build.cmake-args``. For
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instance, another way to set the options used in the previous example is to
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create a file named :file:`~/my-cache.cmake` with the following contents:
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.. code-block:: cmake
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set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON CACHE BOOL "")
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set(CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE ON CACHE BOOL "")
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Then run::
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west config build.cmake-args "-C ~/my-cache.cmake"
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See the `cmake(1) manual page`_ and the `set() command`_ documentation for
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more details.
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.. _cmake(1) manual page:
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https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake.1.html
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.. _set() command:
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https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/command/set.html
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.. _west-building-config:
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Configuration Options
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=====================
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You can :ref:`configure <west-config-cmd>` ``west build`` using these options.
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.. NOTE: docs authors: keep this table sorted alphabetically
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.. list-table::
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:widths: 10 30
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:header-rows: 1
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* - Option
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- Description
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* - ``build.board``
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- String. If given, this the board used by :ref:`west build
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<west-building>` when ``--board`` is not given and :envvar:`BOARD`
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is unset in the environment.
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* - ``build.board_warn``
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- Boolean, default ``true``. If ``false``, disables warnings when
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``west build`` can't figure out the target board.
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* - ``build.cmake-args``
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- String. If present, the value will be split according to shell rules and
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passed to CMake whenever a new build system is generated. See
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:ref:`west-building-cmake-config`.
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* - ``build.dir-fmt``
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- String, default ``build``. The build folder format string, used by
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west whenever it needs to create or locate a build folder. The currently
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available arguments are:
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- ``board``: The board name
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- ``source_dir``: The relative path from the current working directory
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to the source directory. If the current working directory is inside
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the source directory this will be set to an empty string.
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- ``app``: The name of the source directory.
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* - ``build.generator``
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- String, default ``Ninja``. The `CMake Generator`_ to use to create a
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build system. (To set a generator for a single build, see the
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:ref:`above example <west-building-generator>`)
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* - ``build.guess-dir``
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- String, instructs west whether to try to guess what build folder to use
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when ``build.dir-fmt`` is in use and not enough information is available
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to resolve the build folder name. Can take these values:
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- ``never`` (default): Never try to guess, bail out instead and
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require the user to provide a build folder with ``-d``.
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- ``runners``: Try to guess the folder when using any of the 'runner'
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commands. These are typically all commands that invoke an external
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tool, such as ``flash`` and ``debug``.
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* - ``build.pristine``
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- String. Controls the way in which ``west build`` may clean the build
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folder before building. Can take the following values:
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- ``never`` (default): Never automatically make the build folder
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pristine.
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- ``auto``: ``west build`` will automatically make the build folder
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pristine before building, if a build system is present and the build
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would fail otherwise (e.g. the user has specified a different board
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or application from the one previously used to make the build
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directory).
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- ``always``: Always make the build folder pristine before building, if
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a build system is present.
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.. _west-flashing:
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Flashing: ``west flash``
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************************
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.. tip:: Run ``west flash -h`` for additional help.
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Basics
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======
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From a Zephyr build directory, re-build the binary and flash it to
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your board::
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west flash
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Without options, the behavior is the same as ``ninja flash`` (or
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``make flash``, etc.).
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To specify the build directory, use ``--build-dir`` (or ``-d``)::
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west flash --build-dir path/to/build/directory
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If you don't specify the build directory, ``west flash`` searches for one in
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:file:`build`, then the current working directory. If you set the
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``build.dir-fmt`` configuration option (see :ref:`west-building-dirs`), ``west
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flash`` searches there instead of :file:`build`.
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Choosing a Runner
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=================
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If your board's Zephyr integration supports flashing with multiple
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programs, you can specify which one to use using the ``--runner`` (or
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``-r``) option. For example, if West flashes your board with
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``nrfjprog`` by default, but it also supports JLink, you can override
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the default with::
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west flash --runner jlink
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See :ref:`west-runner` below for more information on the ``runner``
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library used by West. The list of runners which support flashing can
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be obtained with ``west flash -H``; if run from a build directory or
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with ``--build-dir``, this will print additional information on
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available runners for your board.
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Configuration Overrides
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=======================
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The CMake cache contains default values West uses while flashing, such
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as where the board directory is on the file system, the path to the
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kernel binaries to flash in several formats, and more. You can
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override any of this configuration at runtime with additional options.
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For example, to override the HEX file containing the Zephyr image to
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flash (assuming your runner expects a HEX file), but keep other
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flash configuration at default values::
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west flash --kernel-hex path/to/some/other.hex
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The ``west flash -h`` output includes a complete list of overrides
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supported by all runners.
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Runner-Specific Overrides
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=========================
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Each runner may support additional options related to flashing. For
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example, some runners support an ``--erase`` flag, which mass-erases
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the flash storage on your board before flashing the Zephyr image.
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To view all of the available options for the runners your board
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supports, as well as their usage information, use ``--context`` (or
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``-H``)::
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west flash --context
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.. important::
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Note the capital H in the short option name. This re-runs the build
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in order to ensure the information displayed is up to date!
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When running West outside of a build directory, ``west flash -H`` just
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prints a list of runners. You can use ``west flash -H -r
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<runner-name>`` to print usage information for options supported by
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that runner.
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For example, to print usage information about the ``jlink`` runner::
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west flash -H -r jlink
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.. _west-debugging:
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Debugging: ``west debug``, ``west debugserver``
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***********************************************
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.. tip::
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Run ``west debug -h`` or ``west debugserver -h`` for additional help.
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Basics
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======
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From a Zephyr build directory, to attach a debugger to your board and
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open up a debug console (e.g. a GDB session)::
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west debug
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To attach a debugger to your board and open up a local network port
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you can connect a debugger to (e.g. an IDE debugger)::
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west debugserver
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Without options, the behavior is the same as ``ninja debug`` and
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``ninja debugserver`` (or ``make debug``, etc.).
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To specify the build directory, use ``--build-dir`` (or ``-d``)::
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west debug --build-dir path/to/build/directory
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west debugserver --build-dir path/to/build/directory
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If you don't specify the build directory, these commands search for one in
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:file:`build`, then the current working directory. If you set the
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``build.dir-fmt`` configuration option (see :ref:`west-building-dirs`), ``west
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debug`` searches there instead of :file:`build`.
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Choosing a Runner
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=================
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If your board's Zephyr integration supports debugging with multiple
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programs, you can specify which one to use using the ``--runner`` (or
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``-r``) option. For example, if West debugs your board with
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``pyocd-gdbserver`` by default, but it also supports JLink, you can
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override the default with::
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west debug --runner jlink
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west debugserver --runner jlink
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See :ref:`west-runner` below for more information on the ``runner``
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library used by West. The list of runners which support debugging can
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be obtained with ``west debug -H``; if run from a build directory or
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with ``--build-dir``, this will print additional information on
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available runners for your board.
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Configuration Overrides
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=======================
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The CMake cache contains default values West uses for debugging, such
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as where the board directory is on the file system, the path to the
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kernel binaries containing symbol tables, and more. You can override
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any of this configuration at runtime with additional options.
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For example, to override the ELF file containing the Zephyr binary and
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symbol tables (assuming your runner expects an ELF file), but keep
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other debug configuration at default values::
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west debug --kernel-elf path/to/some/other.elf
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west debugserver --kernel-elf path/to/some/other.elf
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The ``west debug -h`` output includes a complete list of overrides
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supported by all runners.
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Runner-Specific Overrides
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=========================
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Each runner may support additional options related to debugging. For
|
|
example, some runners support flags which allow you to set the network
|
|
ports used by debug servers.
|
|
|
|
To view all of the available options for the runners your board
|
|
supports, as well as their usage information, use ``--context`` (or
|
|
``-H``)::
|
|
|
|
west debug --context
|
|
|
|
(The command ``west debugserver --context`` will print the same output.)
|
|
|
|
.. important::
|
|
|
|
Note the capital H in the short option name. This re-runs the build
|
|
in order to ensure the information displayed is up to date!
|
|
|
|
When running West outside of a build directory, ``west debug -H`` just
|
|
prints a list of runners. You can use ``west debug -H -r
|
|
<runner-name>`` to print usage information for options supported by
|
|
that runner.
|
|
|
|
For example, to print usage information about the ``jlink`` runner::
|
|
|
|
west debug -H -r jlink
|
|
|
|
.. _west-runner:
|
|
|
|
Implementation Details
|
|
**********************
|
|
|
|
The flash and debug commands are implemented as west *extension
|
|
commands*: that is, they are west commands whose source code lives
|
|
outside the west repository. Some reasons this choice was made are:
|
|
|
|
- Their implementations are tightly coupled to the Zephyr build
|
|
system, e.g. due to their reliance on CMake cache variables.
|
|
|
|
- Pull requests adding features to them are almost always motivated by
|
|
a corresponding change to an upstream board, so it makes sense to
|
|
put them in Zephyr to avoid needing pull requests in multiple
|
|
repositories.
|
|
|
|
- Many users find it natural to search for their implementations in
|
|
the Zephyr source tree.
|
|
|
|
The extension commands are a thin wrapper around a package called
|
|
``runners`` (this package is also in the Zephyr tree, in
|
|
:zephyr_file:`scripts/west_commands/runners`).
|
|
|
|
The central abstraction within this library is ``ZephyrBinaryRunner``,
|
|
an abstract class which represents *runner* objects, which can flash
|
|
and/or debug Zephyr programs. The set of available runners is
|
|
determined by the imported subclasses of ``ZephyrBinaryRunner``.
|
|
``ZephyrBinaryRunner`` is available in the ``runners.core`` module;
|
|
individual runner implementations are in other submodules, such as
|
|
``runners.nrfjprog``, ``runners.openocd``, etc.
|
|
|
|
Hacking
|
|
*******
|
|
|
|
This section documents the ``runners.core`` module used by the
|
|
flash and debug commands. This is the core abstraction used to implement
|
|
support for these features.
|
|
|
|
.. warning::
|
|
|
|
These APIs are provided for reference, but they are more "shared code" used
|
|
to implement multiple extension commands than a stable API.
|
|
|
|
Developers can add support for new ways to flash and debug Zephyr programs by
|
|
implementing additional runners. To get this support into upstream Zephyr, the
|
|
runner should be added into a new or existing ``runners`` module, and imported
|
|
from :file:`runners/__init__.py`.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
The test cases in :zephyr_file:`scripts/west_commands/tests` add unit test
|
|
coverage for the runners package and individual runner classes.
|
|
|
|
Please try to add tests when adding new runners. Note that if your
|
|
changes break existing test cases, CI testing on upstream pull
|
|
requests will fail.
|
|
|
|
.. automodule:: runners.core
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
Doing it By Hand
|
|
****************
|
|
|
|
If you prefer not to use West to flash or debug your board, simply
|
|
inspect the build directory for the binaries output by the build
|
|
system. These will be named something like ``zephyr/zephyr.elf``,
|
|
``zephyr/zephyr.hex``, etc., depending on your board's build system
|
|
integration. These binaries may be flashed to a board using
|
|
alternative tools of your choice, or used for debugging as needed,
|
|
e.g. as a source of symbol tables.
|
|
|
|
By default, these West commands rebuild binaries before flashing and
|
|
debugging. This can of course also be accomplished using the usual
|
|
targets provided by Zephyr's build system (in fact, that's how these
|
|
commands do it).
|
|
|
|
.. rubric:: Footnotes
|
|
|
|
.. [#cmakecache]
|
|
|
|
The CMake cache is a file containing saved variables and values
|
|
which is created by CMake when it is first run to generate a build
|
|
system. See the `cmake(1)`_ manual for more details.
|
|
|
|
.. _cmake(1):
|
|
https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake.1.html
|
|
|
|
.. _CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE:
|
|
https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE.html
|
|
|
|
.. _CMake Generator:
|
|
https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-generators.7.html
|